An analysis of Elizabeth Bishop’s “One Art”

The poem â€Å"One Art† by Elizabeth Bishop uses simple and elegant verse as a poetic device to help it achieve its purpose and to convey its theme. Bishop’s poem is about the way in which people feel about losing things within their lives and how this can affect them. Bishop’s argument, through her poem, is that in order for people to learn the art of losing, they must practice on smaller things and eventually losing other things will not be so hard on them. The poetic element that she uses with such success is the language choice she uses, and in particular the rhythm of the poem, which makes it easy to read.The theme of the poem, the idea of mastering the art of losing, is expressed through the use of simple language, the author’s use of her own personal losses to bring the theme to the forefront, and enhanced by the rhythm of the poem’s words. Bishop’s poem is able to take an idea, that of loss, and successfully relay its theme and achiev e its purpose by directing it toward a wide audience of women who must deal with loss. Her audience is an important influence in how Bishop wrote the poem.â€Å"One Art† by Elizabeth Bishop is a poem that does not use symbolism and strange descriptions to create the theme of the piece, and the result is a poem that deals with loss: â€Å"The art of losing isn’t hard to master,/ so many things seem filled with their intent,/to be lost that their loss is no disaster† (Bishop). Bishop’s use of language is unique in that it is modern and almost as if she is speaking it and her use of proper English and grammar comes across as well. The result of this is that the poem appears to be sound advice from a woman who has had many life experiences and can be trusted to share her wisdom with the rest of the world. She writes from her own experiences with lines like, â€Å"I lost my mother’s watch. And look! My last,/ or next to last, of three beloved houses we nt./ The art of losing isn’t hard to master† (Bishop).She is able to give the reader a sense of how much loss she has endured and by doing so, she is actually making it more realistic to the reader to believe the theme of her poem. Bishop is able to use simple words that almost anyone can understand to bring to light her ideas about loss. She does not use any fancy punctuation or grammar, nor does she try to hide the meaning within metaphors and similes. Bishop clearly writes a poem in her own voice so that she can get her point across to others like her, most especially women who have dealt with similar loss.The rhythm of the poem is a particular element of the poem that becomes especially important in a short poem of this nature because it helps the flow of the words. Each of the verses contains a rhythm to it, either by using words that rhyme at the end of every other line or simply choosing words that make up the stressed and unstressed syllables of the iambic meter (Sound and Rhythm). In the fifth verse, Bishop writes,†I lost two cities, lovely ones, And, vaster,/ Some realms I owned, two rivers, a continent/ I miss them, but it wasn’t a disaster† (Bishop). The writer uses the words vaster and disaster to create a rhythm that helps the poem flow, and she does the same with other word choices throughout the poem: master and disaster, fluster and master, last, or and master. This element is even more important to the success of the poem when it is read aloud by the reader because the way we speak translates into how effective the iambic meter and the flow of the poem truly is.Bishop’s poem gains it real effectiveness by being simply realistic. The author is a woman who uses her own experiences to reach out to her audience and bring them a poem with a theme that is important to many people, especially women. When she talks about losing a gold watch or forgetting names she is hitting on an important thing to many women: the idea of losing something that is sentimental to them, like their mother’s watch, or getting older and forgetting things or having problems with their memory. It’s important to remember that the writer’s own experiences and ideas become a part of the poem and that helps enhance its believability to the audience. She even opens herself up in the final verse, talking about losing someone she loves and losing the â€Å"joking voice, the gesture I love!† (Bishop).She opens herself up to the audience in a way that is raw and real, bringing to light issues about loss that all of us will at one time experience or endure, but in particular her intended audience becomes important to the effectiveness of the poem. The poetic device she uses, that of the simple language, becomes that which is most important in making the poem work for the audience. Anytime a poet is able to write a poem in a way that makes it sound, if spoken aloud, as if it is someone speaking t o you and giving you advice, it is obvious that the writer meant it to come across in such a way. It makes it easy for the reader to understand what the whole point of poetry is really, and that is the theme it is trying to convey and the purpose with which it was written.The theme of this poem is so important to understanding why the author uses the device that she does because throughout the poem, the simplicity that Bishop uses in her poetry helps to transcend the generational gap between the author and the reader. Bishop was an older lady with many life experiences to draw from when she wrote much of her poetry and for this reason, she is able to get away without using fancy words or poetic devices that do not make sense. She writes simply, in short words, in a type of dialogue that seems as if she is simply speaking it.The beauty of the poetry is that it like she is able to create her theme by sculpting it with terms and words that everyone can understand readily. Her point of view is that something as complex and yet simple as loss can be an art form and that by viewing it as such, we do not simply run away from loss when we experience it, we have to learn to embrace it and further learn from it so that in our lives we can cope with it with dignity as time goes by. Even the death of a loved one can be something that can be endured with grace and dignity.So why is it an art form to learn to deal with loss? Perhaps in the mind of Bishop it is something that needs to be embraced as a part of life just as one would embrace their gift at writing or any other type of art. When people are enduring pain and are going through problems in their lives, they must be able to move forward. This is Bishop’s theme. She is trying to teach us to look at loss in a completely different way than we had previously been looking at this type of pain. As a part of life it is something that we need to understand and it would only benefit us to learn how to understand it. B ishop’s beautiful verse and her use of poetic devices translate her own ideas into the purpose of the poem. In the end, she succeeds in using the poetic device of language and iambic meter to create a flowing style of poetry that is simple and yet elegant.Elizabeth Bishop uses the simple language and iambic meter to create a poem that easily achieves its purpose of helping enlighten the readers about how loss can affect someone and how it is an art to be able to deal with loss. By using the poetic devices she does, Bishop is able to create an atmosphere in the poem that lets it flow nicely and helps the poem to put across its theme. Without the style of writing that Bishop uses the poem would not be able to achieve its important purpose and the author would fail in her attempt to put across the moral that she wishes her audience to learn from her own experiences and what she has learned from them. â€Å"One Art† is a simple poem that achieves its purpose without the ai d of intricate and complex poetic devices, and in so doing is perfectly targeted to her audience and accomplishes her goal.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works CitedBishop, Elizabeth. â€Å"One Art.† Poetry Translation Project. 26 Jan. 2007.â€Å"Sound and Rhythm.† English Literature. Fu Jen University. 26 Jan. 2007.

Strategic Planning Process

Strategic Planning – Week 1 Keyla (Bolin, Niu) Keiser University MKT531 Marketing Management Dr. Jeff Ritter 03/09/13 Strategic Planning Process Strategic planning is refers to the development of the organization’s long- term goals and put forward into practice (Peter, 2013).Strategic planning system is the strategy, objectives, environmental factors, it is a process about the internal conditions and various elements integration and used to guide the rational allocation of limited resources enterprise for a certain period of time, in order to reach the goal of the management activities Some big enterprise have particular plan for next fifth years. Strategic planning can be separate to three steps, the first step is to determine the objective goals, during the enterprise development, it should be meet all kinds of challenges that successful achieve the goal.The second step is to formulate the planning, after manger determine the goal, manager should consider what measure s can be successfully to process the project, this is what I understannd about strategic planning. According to the requirements of the strategic planning, the characteristic about strategic planning can be summarizing by these points (Aldehayyat, & Twaissi, 2011): 1. Strategic planning system set broke through the traditional thinking mode which is not planning at present project, but the goals are for enterprise future direction of planning and financial.It pays much more attention to how to adjust business environment and innovation. 2. The settings of strategic planning are often led by very few top management leader directly control. It doesn’t like short-term business plan by a wide range of many people to participate in. 3. The strategic planning system is focus on the changing the external environment and innovation about enterprise, it involved the possibility of market opportunity which is hard to control and requires the enterprise have random and rapid response. 4 .The strategic planning plan can be set with external environment, business industry structure, customer and competitor’s information; however, the enterprise manager can understand the company’s internal standards through this process. 5. Strategic planning is a big change plan which is enough to change the enterprise future direction. It is combined with the strategic business goals and strategic key points that will make the enterprise get comprehensive change. The famous managerialist Drucker thinks that the enterprise of top managers’ first priority is to formulate and implement strategy.Through the company's mission, he thought, to reflect on the basic task of the management, is to put forward such a question: our company is what kind of business? It should reach to what kind of business? To this end, enterprises should develop their strategic target, strategic and plan, make decisions for the future. Clearly, this is actually the strategic planning proces s. From western developed countries the large enterprise, the management strategy is the framework of the strategic plan system.Is not normative system, of course, also can produce excellent strategy? But, regardless of the manner, the formulation of strategic planning system is intertwined in the processes for management activities, and the strategic management plays an important guiding role. It makes enterprises at all levels of staff have been involved in the process. I. e. , the enterprise employees should participate in the formulation or implementation of the strategic planning system, it's just them to participate in different degree of prevention is.Each employee in the enterprise bear the plan the worker roles at the same time, also has the characters such as organizer and commander. In this sense, the enterprise strategic planning system plays a sustained and coordinated the important role of strategic management and daily business activities, also prompted enterprise emp loyees to form a strong cohesion and a sense of belonging (Robinson, & Pearce, 1988). The effective decision system of corporate strategic planning must start with a strong organization.Enterprises in determining the strategic planning system, the corresponding processes must be designed so that the audit in the enterprise between various departments, as well as the correlation between their activities and planning, influence each other and mutual dependence. Generally speaking, due to the historical development of each enterprise, decision-making habits, thinking mode of different leaders, led to its approach in formulating strategic planning system is also ifferent. The strategic planning system of the scientific program should be determined based on the each company’s actual situation. Enterprise brand, family brand (brand) category and product brand constitute the brand level, different levels of brand both relate to each other, and influence each other (Kraus, & Schwarz, 2006). For example General motors, the enterprise brand, Chevrolet is general motors' family brand (brand) category, and sail (sail) is the product brand.Gm gives customers the brand association is a U. S. auto giant, a global fortune 500 companies, has a good reputation, and so on; The Chevrolet brand is one of the largest brands, gm's global sales volume since introduced the first product in 1912, total sales has more than 100 million vehicles, market coverage to 70 countries, has a record of sales of a new car every 40 seconds. Chevrolet 2004 global sales of more than 3. million units, in the global sales of every 16 a new car is a Chevrolet, Chevrolet brand to the customer's brand association is a reliable, pragmatic, intelligent and friendly, full of vitality; And sail (sail) brand, convey the differentiation characteristics of the product. The three levels of brand together, can put enough brand messages to customers, and make customer to sail (sail) this has just set up soon products produce good brand association and brand identity. References Robinson, R. B. ; Pearce, j. A. (1988). Planned Patterns of Strategic Behavior and Their Relationship to Busi- ness-Unit Performance.Strategic Management Journal, 9, 43-60. Peter, J. , ; Donnelly, J. (2013). Marketing Management Knowledge and Skills. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Aldehayyat, j. S. ; Twaissi, N. (2011). Strategic Planning and Corporate Performance Relationship in Small Business Firms: Evidence from a Middle East Country Context. International Journal of Business and Management, 6 (8), 255-263. Kraus, S. , Harms, R. , ; Schwarz, E. j. (2006). Strategic Planning in Smaller Enterprises: New Empirical Findings. Management Research News, 29 (6), 334-344.

Global Supply Chain Management

Global Supply Chain Management ERP Business Administration , 3rd year Project by Arhire Alexandru Coordonating professor Pavaloaia Daniel Contents Introduction3 Chapter 1. Issues within the Global Supply Chain Management System4 Chapter 2. Global Supply Chains Management – Company Strategies5 Chapter 3. Global Supply Chain Model6 Chapter 4. The virtualization of Global Supply Chain Management8 Chapter 5. Conclusions10 References11 Introduction In order to understand what global supply chain management is we must first become familiar with the concept of supply chain management. The supply chain management is the network of services, material and information flow that link a firm’s customer relations, order fulfillment and supplier relations processes to those of its suppliers and customers. It is the science of developing a strategy to motivate, control and organize the resources involved in the flow of services and materials within the supply chain†. Nowadays, mo re and more companies source globally, sell globally, or compete with some other company that is involved in such activities. Thus, global supply chain management (GSCM) represents a central area of focus for many businesses and business schools today. Although the extraordinary growth of GSCM attests to its robustness and practical importance, the field is diffuse and complex. Many methods and perspectives on GSCM have emerged from logistics, operations, marketing, management, economics, sociology, personnel, information systems, and international relations. Their diversity and rapid growth make it hard to keep abreast of significant developments. Moreover, many of these approaches have evolved with relative independence, paying little attention to how they relate to existing methods or interrelate with each other.This makes it difficult to accumulate wisdom in the field and to develop a coherent knowledge base to guide research and practice. † Many businesses have found â₠¬Å"global supply chain management† to be an important issue when trying to outsource in regions across their borders. This can be explained by the increase in globalization. To outsource on a global level is difficult because it involves doing business with a variety of companies and suppliers which have their own codes of business conducts and various perspectives on business ethics; mainly on how to trade internationally.Global Supply Chain Management involves two big concepts: the supply chain management concept which was discussed above and the concept of globalization. This concept infers the cross-border movement of good and the emergence of global competitors and opportunities across competing supply chains with an industry. However, the current trend towards the globalization of supply chain management leaves many managers confused. Managers often question the differences between a global market and a single market, in that many of the same conditions exist in both.Alt hough this may be true, the complexities of cross-border operations are exponentially greater than in a single country, and the ability to compete in the global environment often depends on understanding the subtleties that emerge only in cross-border trade—that is, in â€Å"Global Supply Chain Management†. Chapter 1. Issues within the Global Supply Chain Management System For companies to operate on a global level is no easy task. There are many complications that arise from trying to do business across borders. 1. The first issue it faces is the costs and expenses of doing business â€Å"across borders†.Dealing with international business is a difficult task because it involves many types of different businesses in many countries. Costs for the company may involve: renting the required space, state taxes, transportation and others. â€Å"Additionally, companies need to factor in the exchange rate. Obviously, companies must do their research and give serious c onsideration to all of these different elements as part of their global supply management approach. † 2. The second factor that can put a dent into â€Å"global supply management† is the necessary time to conduct all the activities when dealing with this issue. The productivity of the overseas employees and the extended shipping times can either positively or negatively affect the company's lead time, but either way these times need to be figured into the overall procurement plan†. There are multiple factors that can influence the amount of time spent when doing business overseas, factors like: the delay of a shipment due to bad weather conditions, this can also influence the production process, or the time it takes for the merchandise to get clearance through customs.When dealing with the issue of â€Å"global supply chain management† the expression â€Å"time is money† takes a bigger and more literary meaning. 3. Another factor that managers tend t o consider important when dealing overseas is the place where you chose to do business. Some companies may choose technologically developed countries for the obvious reasons: information travels faster, the production process can be sped up and so can the shipment process. Other companies may choose poorer countries just due to the fact that the labor in those types of countries is cheap.And some companies might want to keep their activities somewhere closer to the main headquarters in order to reduce costs and expenses. 4. Probably one of the most pressing issues is that global supply chain managers deal with is the selection of the suppliers. It is a difficult task to try and get the ideal supplier because there are many and making a comparison between them is very difficult due to various issues like being pressured by time or trying to choose the cheapest supplier due to insufficient funds. A company must take its time when choosing the suppliers ost fitted for them and must ana lyze from all perspectives: quality, price, reputation, promptitude and many others. Taking the time to make a thorough research for suppliers on the market should be one of the main priorities of a company. 5. Another issue that can arise in â€Å"global supply chain management† is of logistic nature. Companies that choose to ship their products overseas can encounter issues such as: how many factories or plants does it need? How many suppliers are needed to ensure a fast manufacturing process in order to meet the market demand? Where should the company export their goods and why? For example, if a business uses a number of vendors around Bangalore, India than it may make sense to locate the manufacturing plant that would utilize those supplies in or around Bangalore as well. Not only will this provide lower employee costs, but overall shipping and tariff expenses should also be reduced. This would then save the company money†. Chapter 2. Global Supply Chains Managemen t – Company Strategies For a company to go global is always a difficult and long-term task. It has to face a lot of risks and issues that arise from trying to accomplish such a goal.When faced with the questions of what are the most challenging aspects of going global for a supply chain, managers and executives tend to reffer to the following: * Total resources required to manage supply chain * Recruitment and retention of sufficient local talent * Integration of IT systems between the company and vendors * Degree to which central manageement was required * Degree to which local management was required * Identification and implementation of risk-management strategy * Grater difficulty of managing safety and/or quality Speed at which competitive advantages from extending operations to low-cost markets evened out across us and our competitors * Infrastructure to support local workforce It is inveitable that when a company chooses to go global that it should face these challenge s. Many of them represent a great risk while others are technologically based. Technological development for a company is a key factor for success because especially nowadays, a company that has it’s own IT department and systems can easily gain a competitive advantage. Another important challenge that a company is faced with, is the recruitment of employees.When expanding to different territories finding talented people to work for the company can be a huge challenge. The company may need to transport capable employees from the mother company to new locations in order to ensure a good start for it’s activities in that area. This is why companies need to form a solid strategy for their supply chain and try to prioritize their goals. For example in a research done by McKenzy ; Company in 2008 have shown that the primary strategic goals that companies focus on are: * Reducing costs * Improving customer service Getting new products/services to market faster * Improving pr oduct quality * Reducing comapny’s carbon footprint * Maintaining majority of employees in home region The companies that are trying to emphasise on reducing costs the most are the companies that operate in developing or emerging markets. McKinsey ; Company also says that „perhaps comapnies in countries such as China are trying to anticipate the effect of rising costs (including labor costs and appreciating currencies) on the competitive advantages they currently enjoy as low-cost manufactureres†.The conclusion here is that if companies want to succeed on foreign markets they must develop strong strategies for market penetration, the speed to which the products arrive at the disposal of the customers, hiring competent personel and lowering costs. Chapter 3. Global Supply Chain Model In order for a company to be able to adapt to the everchanging global markets and to manage to keep up with the technological advances it mus have a sound „global supply chain mo del†. Researchers say that in order for a company to succeed it must have a „model of global supply chain agility†. Researchers ike Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh and Dr. Nagesh Murthy, define in their paper intitled „A Model of Global Supply Chain Agility and its Impact on Competitive Performance†, the concept of „global supply chain agility† as „a measure of the supply chain’s ability to efficiently adapt to a rapidly changing global competitive environment to provide and/or services†. They also state that „global supply chain agility† is determined by four componenets of flexibility, which are: * The flexibility of product development * The flexibility of sourcing * The flexibility of manufacturing * The flexibility of logisticsThey also state that „an organization’s information technology flexibility and its industry’s global competitive environment influence its level of global chain agility†. (Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh, Dr. Nagesh Murthy). An example of a practical „global supply chain management† model could be: Chapter 4. The virtualization of Global Supply Chain Management If a long time ago business was conudcted in the old fashioned way, like face to face trading, nowadays it is not required to physically be preasent when closing a deal or trading goods or services. This is mainly because of the Internet.This amazing invention which revolutionized how the entire world works, has rapidly made its way into the world of business and changed it forever. The birth of the Internet has brought to the business world instruments such as „E-business† or „E-commerce† which basicly means „the use of Interned-based computing and communications to execute both front-end and back-end business processes†. With the help of the Internet, comapnies can obtain a greater visibility outside their own borders on what i s happening with their activities and the activities of competitors and thus are able to quickly respond to changes in the market.The adoption of „e-business† can mean, for companies, a better global supply chain with the reductions of costs and expenses, the increase in flexibility and faster reactions in time. Hau L. Lee and Seunjing Whang, say in their paper intiteled „E-Business and Supply Chain Integration† that „ over the past decade a combination of economic, technology and market forces has compelled companies to examine and reinvent their supply chain strategies. Some of these forces include the globalization of business the proliferation of product variety, increasing complexity of supply networks and the shortening of the product life cycles.To stay competitivem enlightened comapnies have strived to achieve greater coordination and collabroation among supply chain partners in an approach called „supply chain Integration†Ã¢â‚¬ . T his means that the Internet plays an important role and will continue to play it in the development of the „global supply chain management† and provide fast and reliable ways of integration for the supply chain. The way in which a company conducts „e-business† will be an important factor in the succes of that company.If a company kows how to use the internet for its „back-end† operations like product development and design, procurement of supplies, production process, keeping inventory, distribution channels, services support, marketing and management then it is very much likely that the company will always be at a competitive advantage. Reseachers Hau L. Lee and Seunjing Whang have identified four key dimensions in which the impacts of „e-business† can be found on „supply chain integration†: a. „Information integration†. Which reffers to „the sharing of information among memebers of the supply chain†.If this system is implemented correctly, without the danger of leaking important company secrets to unwanted parties, then the communication between the memebers of a supply chain can be made easier an thus increase the overall performance. b. „Planning synchronization†. Which refers to „the joint design and execution of plans for product introduction, forecasting and replenishment†. This dimension refers to the ability of the supply chain memebers to use the information provided in order to acomplish their plans and meet their objectives. c. Workflow coordination†. It reffers to „streamlined and automated workflow activities between the supply chain partners†. This means to decide on how the provided information can be used and what is the best way to gain the most out of it. In the end it means to achieve efficiency thorugh technology solutions and to automate many of the cross-company workflow stages. d. „New Business Models†. „E-business allows partners to redefine logistics flows so that the roles and responsabilities of memebers may change to improve overall supply chain efficiency†.Taking an „e-business† approach to supply chain integration can mean improvements in effciency but can also spring new opportunities of business for the company that previously were not possible. For example with the help of the Internet a „supply chain network may jointly create new products, pursue mass cutomization and penetrate new markets and customer segments†. In conclusion, „e-business† and „e-commerce† are two powerfull tools for the integration of the global supply chain across a widespread area of industries and countries.Such instruments have the power to enable a faster and realiable cooperation between memebrs of the „global supply chain† and companies that adopt such methods will surely gain and important competitive advantage on the g lobal markets. The sharing of information benefits not only the company that does the sharing but the whole business community, thus establishing a network of „e-business† between companies all over the world is an important step towards the development of business processes and conducts.The internet not only helps develop a company but it also gives it new business oportunities which can enrich its portfolio and make it more attractive to customers. Chapter 5. Conclusions Considering all that has been said in this paper we can safely assume that the core of a business is its supply chain. Thus if the whole world is involved in doing business then we can say that „global supply chain mangement† is the core of the business world and it is what really „makes the world go round†.The main „driver† that stands behind the „wheel† of an efficient „global supply chain management† is without a doubt the Internet and the instrument known as „e-business†. With the help of the Internet companies now can gain real-time visibility into the flow of their good and services, get information on their suppliers, optimize inventory management, reduce transportation and shipping costs, the oportunity to quickly react to a change or shift in the market in order to respond to the customer needs.However, along with these benefits are the challenges that businesses need to overcome when operating globally. These challenges are related to foreign national economies, logistics, cultures, competition, and infrastructure. These challenges give rise to several risks in global supply chains. In the end â€Å"global supply chain management† is the network that opens countries to cross border trading and is an important part in global business. References * Luvai F. Motiwalla, Jeff Thompson, â€Å"Enterprise Systems for Management†, 2nd edition, Chp. 11, pg 327. John T. Metzner, Theodore P. Stank , Matthew B. Myers, â€Å"Why Global Supply Chain Management†. * http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , accessed on the 19th of May 2012. * McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pages 5,6,9. * Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh, Dr. Nagesh Murthy, „A Model of Global Supply Chain Agility and its Impact on Competitive Performance†, pg 2. * Hau L. Lee, Seunjing Whang, â€Å"E-business and Supply Chain Integration†, pages 2 and 4. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Luvai F.Motiwalla, Jeff Thompson, â€Å"Enterprise Systems for Management†, 2nd edition, Chp. 11, pg 327. [ 2 ]. John T. Metzner, Theodore P. Stank, Matthew B. Myers, â€Å"Why Global Supply Chain Management† [ 3 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , paragraph 2. [ 4 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_cha in-Global-Management. htm , parahraph 3. [ 5 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , paragraph 4. [ 6 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , paragraph 5. [ 7 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. tm , paragraph 6. [ 8 ]. McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pg 9. [ 9 ]. McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pg 5. [ 10 ]. McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pg 6. [ 11 ]. Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh, Dr. Nagesh Murthy, „A Model of Global Supply Chain Agility and its Impact on Competitive Performance†, pg 2. [ 12 ]. Hau L. Lee, Seunjing Whang, â€Å"E-business and Supply Chain Integration†, pg 2. [ 13 ]. Hau L. Lee, Seunjing Whang, â€Å"E-business and Supply Chain Integration†, pg. 4.

BESCO Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BESCO Measurement - Essay Example The unit used for the y-axis as well as the and x-axes is 1. On the x-axis, each unit is used to represent 10 years. The time period covered in the graph runs from 1950 to 2010. On the y-axis, the rate of development runs from 0 to 700,000. Each unit is used to represent 100,000 units of development. The markings on the line of the graph are used to show series of development. For the first 10 years, which is between before time in record to the mid 1950’s, there was no much change and hence it can be said the development then was constant. Moving on further towards 1960, there was a very slight increase in development. The time period between 1970 and 1980, the rate of development of the fad rose higher by a few units. The rate of development was gradual from the time data used to fill the graph started being collected till the mid 1980’s, the rate of growth recorded according to the graph was a bit gradual, since the line graph remains constant during this time period. However, rapid development started being recorded as from the mid 1980’s and onwards. 1990 marked the beginning of another series and from then, rapid rates of development can be seen from the graph. Between 1990 and 2010, the rate of development in the ten years alone rose from 50,000 to 290,000. This was one of the highest rates of development recorded in the time period. This sharp can be due to a number of factors. However, this is something that we cannot be able to tell from the graph. The year 2000 marked the beginning of the final series on the graph. Between 2000 and 2010, a sharp increase was recorded according to the graph. The steep line shows this high rate of development of the fad. The actual figures of the development increased from 290,000 in 2000 to 610,000 in 2050, which was the end of the time period under

Thinking Like An Economist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thinking Like An Economist - Essay Example Thus, trade barriers will reduce market efficiency. The reason is simple that the comparative advantage that is there in free trade system will be lost and the economies will have to produce each and everything for themselves which will not allow for specialization and the benefits gained from it. Each country has specific resources in form of labor, capital, technology and knowledge (skill) and these resources can be used to produce certain type of goods better than other type of goods. Thus, if each country is able to recognize what it can produce best, the whole world will benefit by producing only what it excels others at producing and exchanging that with nations that produce other things that they excel at thus allowing for larger number of each good produced for the same amount of resources. Other positives of free trade system include greater variety of goods and services, efficient use of the scarce resources and a greater competition for the domestic industry. Therefore, we can say that since having trade barriers causes the economy to produce inside its maximum potential with given amount of resources, that is, the production possibilities frontier, a reduction in trade barriers would mean production moving closer to the production possibilities frontier. ... Q.2) An economy that is producing inside the production possibilities frontier is not realizing its full potential and there is a room for betterment. Such a situation, where the economy does not operate at its full potential arises in two situations: 1) when the economy is unable to employ all its resources of production, for example, labor available but not employed; 2) misallocation of resources. The production possibilities frontier tells us the maximum quantity of two products that can be produced using the current amount of resources. However, if available resources are not fully utilized, the output will be less than the full potential. Using 4 out of 5 machines available due to fuel shortage can be another example of underutilization of available resources. Misallocation of resources happens when an economy starts producing goods that it does not specialize in. This will require the particular nation to use comparatively more resources to produce the same amount of that good than a nation who has comparative advantage in producing that good. Had the nation employed the same resources in producing the other goods that it specializes in, the economy would have been better off by being on or closer to the production possibilities curve. The inefficient use of resources implies that the economy could be producing more without adding a single unit of labor or capital by allocating resources efficiently on the basis of comparative advantage (Tregarthen & Rittenberg, Chapter 2: Confronting Scarcity: Choices in Production, 2009). Q.3) Economic growth refers to the state where the production possibilities curve of an economy expands or shifts outwards. This means that the economy is able to produce more with the given amount of resources than it

The investigation into effectiveness of using social media to engage Literature review

The investigation into effectiveness of using social media to engage customers - Literature review Example Paine (2011) notes that the criteria used for describing customer engagement cannot be standardized. It is explained that customer engagement can be related to different aspects of customer behavior, as for example the provision by the customer of his e-mail address so that he is informed on the new products/ services of a particular firm. Evans (2010) states that consumer engagement is a complex concept. According to the above researcher, an entrepreneur can understand that his customers are engaged when they react as follows: ‘they collaborate with each other and share the results of those efforts with other participants’ (Evans 2010, p.212). In other words, consumer engagement is characterized by collaboration and information sharing. From a similar point of view, customer engagement has been characterized as a concept reflecting ‘the engagement of customers to a particular brand’ (Tuten 2008, p.26). It is noted that the engagement of customers to a brand can be derived by the loyalty of the customers to the specific brand. Based on the above view, marketers can effectively promote customer engagement if they employ ‘tactics that enable customers to interact with the brand’ (Tuten 2008, p.26). In any case, customer engagement can be defined differently in the context of each organization, according to the priorities set and the organizational goals. Under these terms, customer engagement can be used just to emphasize on the need for ‘showing care to the customer’ (Seruca et al. 2006, p.49). When a customer feels that he is cared of at the highest possible level, then he is expected to be engaged (Seruca et al. 2006, p.49). This means that in organizations that customers’ needs are not addressed, the level of customer engagement will be quite low. Graph 1- When a customer is engaged, findings of survey developed by the Economist Intelligence Unit between December 2006 and January 2007 (Source: Economi st Intelligence Unit, 2007, p.3) In a report published by the Economist Intelligence Unit customer engagement is described as ‘a way to create customer interaction and participation’ (The Economist Intelligence Unit 2007, p.2). The characteristics of customer engagement have been further explored through a survey developed between December 2006 and January 2007 (Economist Intelligence Unit 2007, p.2). In the particular survey, about 300 executives have been asked to state their view in regard to the criteria used for characterizing a customer as engaged. The graph 1 above shows the answers of the customer in regard to this issue. These answers reflect the potential elements of customer engagement as appearing in markets worldwide. In practice, the development of an accurate definition in regard to customer engagement can be a challenging initiative. For this reason, a series of theoretical frameworks have been introduced for helping marketers to identify the potential e ffects of customer engagement on their products/ services. Using these frameworks, customer engagement can be described by focusing on different criteria. For example, if using the brand equity theory, customer engagement can be described as a concept related to ‘brand awareness, loyalty, quality, associations and competitiveness’

Ticketmaster Merges with Live Nation Case Study

Ticketmaster Merges with Live Nation - Case Study Example Ten years ago, the record labels saw a way to increase sales by getting involved with the internet. The goal was to spread the word about music faster than ever before and generate a new outlet for income. This whole idea was based on the customer buying music downloads from the online stores. In order to do that there would have to be encrypted legally authorized music. It was soon to be found out that this was almost an impossible task. It would take many people in full time jobs to manage this, but the damage had already been done. There were then many side businesses built on digital downloads which eroded not only the internet but previous business as well (Waddell, 2009). The idea, then, became consolidation. It was determined that if they consolidated more of the companies it would help them gain in the competition for customers. They were now faced with plunging record and music sales of all kinds. Merging these companies meant becoming more diversified and taking on more than the sale of music. They began to diversify and include management, merchandising, agencies and promotion and all were driven by the economy and the sales of music as the time. However, the decline in music sales continued and many of the large companies as well as some of the mergers were eliminated from the business. Some of those eliminated were companies like Tower Records and Circuit City. Consolidation also became p... Live Nation was picking up merchandise firm signatures and music e-commerce companies like Musictoday. When merchandising was added to Live Nations menu of ticketing, promotion and sponsorship services it was able to strike multirights contracts with such artists as Madonna and Jay-Z (Peoples, 2009). In the beginning of the decade, you could go down to the store and buy a ticket to a venue and you were sold a paper ticket. While you can still buy a ticket this way, chances are when you get there the tickets will be sold out. The day when you can pick up a local ticket for a Sunday evening concert are gone, especially if you want to see some of the hot acts. Tickets are now only made available to the public after VIP tickets are sold to fan clubs etc. This created a online secondary market which has been in great demand by the customer who wants to buy tickets in his own time and does not mind paying for the convenience. Tickets Now has held a large piece of the business of selling tickets after tickets were sold out. Ticketmaster and Live Nation Just about a month before Ticketmaster and Live Nation announced their plans to merge, Live Nation had started its own ticketing company. The reason that Live Nation had decided to control its own ticketing was so it could then control some of the fan club profit available. This opportunity, because of the information it provides, allows for targeting of populations for ticketing sales, even before the tickets are available. This gave them a larger piece of the market. Ticketmaster too has evolving to become a full service company selling tickets and boosting sales of other products. Pricing of tickets has become even more strategic at this point (Waddell, 2009). Live Nation

Opportunities for Food Company to Develop Healthier Eating Products Assignment

Opportunities for Food Company to Develop Healthier Eating Products - Assignment Example With growing efforts by the government and a high level of media interventions, the arena of healthy foods is becoming an important side for the research day by day. Not only that, but it is also becoming an increasingly important factor for the consumer as well as the retailers. This movement has thus worked as an advantage for the food manufacturers and processors as the demand in the product areas such as organic, vegetarian, and low-fat/low-sugar foods has increased to a great extent. In the recent years, there has been a change in the mind-set of the manufacturers and processors in dealing with the demand generated for these products and the need to develop new and innovative ways before-hand. Nowadays, these manufacturers and processors are becoming more and more proactive in dealing with these issues. The reasons for such a shift can be attributed from various reasons. To begin with, it has been realized that there has been an increase in the amount of disbelief by the consumers over the current health claims presented by the manufacturers. This means, that the consumers are now deciding for themselves; the market has now presented the manufacturers with various dimensions to market themselves to as the market has now segmented to those who fall to such claims generated by the manufacturers and those who do not. ... than that, it has also been observed that since lifestyles of each age group have now changed, there has been a decline in the formal lunch times which has, hence, increased in snack food market; for instance day time is spent on the office desk and night time is spent playing games (case study). On top of that, consumers are being more interested in healthy foods. Therefore, there has been an increase in consumers as well as the retailers that favor healthier low fat, low salt, and low sugar products. This is so, because there has been an increase in the time pressures in the lives of the consumers. The term ‘grazing’ can effectively be applied here as there has been reported an increase in the frequency of smaller meals in the day. The number of consumers carrying hand held snacks while simultaneously being health conscious have also increased during the years. This means, that the manufacturers must learn to anticipate demand quickly of this growing market and thus th ink of innovative ways in all areas to improve quality and grasp the already expanding market share. As far as the changes in the healthy eating environment is concerned, Winson (71-82) mentions in his study about a healthy eating movement that is gradually picking up pace. According to the paper, the author states that â€Å"this movement is directly related to and is a collection of various small food movements. The list includes the likes of the slow food movement, the movement promoting organic foods and the re-localizing food. The latter is one of those movements that has been on the rise lately and has held the attention of various researches. The overall food movement has also been closely related to food security initiatives that gathered attention after the era of nineties. Other than the

The treaty of guadalupe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The treaty of guadalupe - Research Paper Example Therefore, this decision led to the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe in the late 1840s (Menchaca 215). Since Mexico lost its boundaries, it subsequently lost the current states of Arizona, California, Utah, New Mexico, and Colorado including Wyoming. As a result, the country felt the need of finding a solution to compensate the entire loss. A meeting was thus held among commissioners from the two rival countries with the purpose of coming up with some brilliant ideas that would be used in coming up with the final solution (Acuna 123). History reveals that, Nicholas Trist (chief clerk of the State Department) and another American representative to President Polk (General Winfield) set off to meet their Mexican counterpart-General Jose Joaquin. The first meeting bore no fruits and not even a tiny resolution was brought to book (Schultz 422). The delegates to the meeting resolved to arrange for a second one, as their zeal to bring about peace was undoubtedly strong. When the time came , the delegates met a second time, and their talks were in vain lastly coming up without a solution. Failure to come with a long lasting solution meant no peace in the territories USA had acquired from the rival. Thus, USA sent Nicholas Trist for a third time, on the third meeting; he purposely went out to meet other leaders from the fallen government of Mexico. These were, Don Bernado Couto, Don Miguel de Atristain, and don Luis Gonzaga Cuevas. They were all government officials of a government, which in a way had fallen (Porterfield 5). In the treaty, fresh boundaries were set between the two countries, Mexico succeeded to win its bid on a number of territories namely, Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuejiijij o Mexico though not cited in entire treaty. Following the years of 1836, more and precisely straight boundaries were set in an attempt to avoid further war eruptions. The border consisted of Rio Grande at the northwest part with a successive stretch further north to border S anta Fe de Nuevo Mexico. Through the Gila River, to the west, the border took a straight dimension to the port of San Diego (Porterfield 17). This gave a more geographic outlook on the positions of various locations like the Lower California. Mexico realized that it was almost losing some important territories that had steered the occurrence of the war. By the time this realization came, the country had already lost quite a considerable piece of it land to remain on the current area of approximately 1,972,550  km?. as a result, United States succeeded in the seizure of Nevada, California, and Utah with its boundaries cutting further to western parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. At the long run, USA had claimed an additional land of 1.36 million km? naming it the Mexican cession. In accordance to Adams-Onis’ treaty relating to the boundary, Mexico recovered only 45% of the regions fought for. Mexicans agreed in the treaty that Rio Grande would be the Texas border (M enchaca 219). Nicholas Trist and Winfield Scott of the U.S.A conducted the negotiations and drafting of the treaty with the Mexicans since further war would ultimately bear no fruits. This happened in defiance of President’s Polk orders to fight further in an attempt to claim more territories. Trist presented the treaty to the â€Å"House of Senate† in his country U.S.A for complements (Acuna 248). The

Reporting research results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reporting research results - Essay Example The method used to collect the statistics is also important as a sign of assurance on the credibility of the results(Creswell, 2008). Other factors include the region that the research focused on and the inhabitants of the region as per the research results. Consequently, the report should clarify on whether the results depict the answers of every statistic. The report should also explain the statistics which made up the research, but were not available during the study. In addition, the report should illuminate whether the act is a shortcoming or not. The other factor is the time during which the research took place. The various ways through which the research took place should also be a composition of the report. The sampling errors that are an attribute of the research should be put to the limelight. The frequent questions during the research should also be part of the report (Rocco T.S.,

Carl rogers tearey on fear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Carl rogers tearey on fear - Essay Example As the founder of the "client-centered" therapy, Rogers has said that the counselor is to be "nondirective" in the sessions-his job is to reflect the counselee's responses back to him, and thus, set up a catalytic atmosphere of acceptance. Such an environment is supposed to allow the client to get in touch with the innate resources within himself for successfully dealing with life and developing self-esteem When you are in a situation when there is incongruity between your image of yourself and your immediate experience of yourself (i.e. between the ideal and the real self) you are in threatening situation, feeling fear. For example, if a person is been taught to feel unworthy if he/she does not get A's on all tests at school, and yet that person is not really great a student, then situations such as tests are going to bring that incongruity to light-tests will be very threatening and that person will feel fear in that particular situation. According to Rogers, when a person is expec ting a threatening situation and fear, then that person feels anxiety. Anxiety is a signal indicating that there is trouble ahead, and that a person should avoid that situation. One way to avoid the situation is to run away from that threatening situation by using psychological defense.

Gollum Character Study Essay Example for Free

Gollum Character Study Essay Even in the rare cases when he finds himself with someone else, as he does in chapter 5 of The Hobbit, he talks to others in third person, apparently not able to say ‘you’, and he refers himself as â€Å"my precious†. Gollum is a unique creature, only because his body has deformed over the years of living in the caves of Moria beneath the Misty Mountains for so long. He is the size of a hobbit, but with pale skin and large eyes. He wears only dark clothes and is extremely thin from eating only fish and goblins over the years. He has only six teeth which are sharpened into points and he has a vicious strength which surprises Bilbo. Gollum owns a magic, which he calls his â€Å"precious†. Gollum has one treasure, a golden ring he calls his â€Å"birthday-present† because it came to him on his birthday. This ring makes whoever is wearing it invisible and takes over their lives and personality. Gollum â€Å"uses it to creep† around the goblin tunnels to catch young goblins to eat when he gets sick of fish. In The Hobbit, Gollum tries to find his ring so he can become invisible and kill Bilbo. Bilbo, of course, finding the ring before meeting Gollum, just happens to put on the ring right as Gollum comes to attack him. He becomes invisible and follows Gollum out of the tunnels. As Bilbo takes his final look at Gollum, he nearly kills the ugly creature. But Bilbo is filled with a â€Å"sudden understanding, a pity mixed with horror. † He sees Gollum’s â€Å"endless, unmarked days without light or hope of betterment†, and lets Gollum live. In exchange for this kindness, Gollum screams, â€Å"Thief, thief, thief! Baggins! We hates it, we hates it, we hates it for ever! † as Bilbo makes his escape. When Gollum first meets Bilbo, he is not hungry for hobbits, but he is afraid of Bilbo’s knife, so he tries to get on Bilbo’s good side by being friendly, showing that Gollum was once very similar to a hobbit, and challenging him to a game of riddles because â€Å"the riddle-game was sacred and of immense antiquity†. Bilbo accepts, because he wants Gollum to show him the way out of the goblin tunnels under the Misty Mountains. But the game makes Gollum both hungry and angry.

Effect of Overdenture on Teeth Stability

Effect of Overdenture on Teeth Stability Effect of overdenture with vital and non-vital abutment teeth on the teeth stability Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of overdenture over vital and non-vital abutment teeth on the teeth stability. Methods: An experimental study was conducted as non-randomized controlled trial at Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia during 12 months (December 2013 to November 2014). Thirty patients were voluntary participated in this study, first group overdenture over vital abutment teeth and the second group overdenture over non-vital abutment teeth. Attachment loss and teeth mobility were evaluated, after 3 months, 6 months and finally after 12 months. The data were collected from the two groups by questionnaire for demographic characteristics and observation checklist for assessing attachment loss and teeth mobility. The data were then analyzed by computerized method; Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (SPSS version 20). Results: The study showed that the patients have homogenous demographic characteristics. Overdenture over vital abutment teeth showed minimum attachment loss and teeth mobility compared to the overdenture over non-vital abutment teeth. These differences were with high significant statistics Conclusion: It was concluded that, the overdenture over vital abutment teeth was more stable and showed less teeth mobility and less attachment loss than that made over non-vital teeth. Keywords: Overdenture, vital and non-vital abutment teeth, attachment loss and teeth mobility. Introduction: The difference of overdenture from a conventional denture is the precision of dental attachments underneath that gives the overdenture much better retention. In general, the life expectancy of an overdenture is pretty good, and although the process is quite complicated, the benefits far outweigh the cost and time involved.This is because overdenture is very stable and feels more like natural teeth than ordinary dentures.They are also more retentive and help preserve the remaining bone (1). Overdenture could be used with implants or over the natural teeth. The teeth provide good stability for the dentures so that patients feel much better in the same way as natural teeth, and they can be confident that they won’t move around or fall out, alleviating the need to use messy adhesives (2). There is less pressure on the alveolar ridge than with conventional dentures and patients generally feel a lot more confident and can enjoy better health through being able to have better nutrition (2). Many patients with dentures seek for resolution of soreness of bearing tissues and non-stable or retentive dentures, that may increase esthetics, function, comfort, and psychological benefits from implant overdentures, without the need for more extensive fixed restorations (4,5). Overdentures are caries and periodontal diseases of the abutment teeth as bone resorption. Bone resorption in edentulous alveolar processes has been studied extensively, and the conclusion has been reached that it is a chronic, progressive and irreversible process that occurs in all patients (6). As a general rule, four implants are the minimal number in the maxilla in order to remove partial palatal coverage. While maxillary overdenture implants tend to show a slightly higher risk of failure than seen in the mandible, this clearly appears to be related not to the prosthetic design but originates as a direct consequence of compromised preoperative bone, thereby necessitating a reduced number, length, diameter, and angulation of implants (7,8,9). Differences have been observed between individuals in the amount and speed at which alveolar bone is lost, which have been attributed to a diversity of factors such as age, sex, facial anatomy, metabolism, oral hygiene, general health, nutritional status, systematic illnesses, osteoporosis, medications and the amount of time the patient has been edentulous (10,11,12,13). There is a lack of evidence investigating the efficiency of overdenture over vital and non-vital abutment teeth on the supporting structures. This study aimed to examine the effect of overdenture over vital and non-vital abutment teeth on the teeth stability. Methods: An experimental study was conducted at Albaha region, Saudi Arabia during 12 months (December 2013 to November 2014). The study sample consisted of 30 patients (men) with age of 59 years or above. They were partially edentulous for an average of 28 years, and were wearing their third lower denture. The patients selected were free from systemic diseases. The sample was divided into two groups each of 15 patients, both treated with overdenture, but they were different in the abutment teeth, the first group had vital abutment teeth while the second group had non-vital (endodontically treated) teeth. Both groups weared overdentures and evaluated 3 months, then 6 months and lastly after 12 months, as regarding to the attachment loss and tooth mobility of the abutment teeth in a both groups with vital and non-vital abutment teeth. Preparation of the abutment teeth was done as follow; the crown of each tooth was reduced 2-3 mm above the free gingival margin proceeding labially and lingually till a dome shaped. Preparation was obtained with a chamfer finishing line placed subgingivally. The crest of the dome shape was placed over the long axis of the abutment and the sharp points were rounded. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee at Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University (attached). The consents forms were filled by all participants. The right of the participants to withdraw any time was explained and preserved during the study. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. The data were then analyzed by computerized method; (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) (SPSS version 20). The chi-square test was used to test differences in patients’ demographic characteristics in the two groups. The independent t-test was used to identify differences between the two groups. Paired sample t-test was used to measure differences before and after intervention. All values were tabulated as average (mean) with standard deviation (SD). P values less than 0.05 were considered significant with level of confidence 95%. Results summary: As shown in Table (1), thirty patients participated in this study were homogenous in the demographic characteristics. There were insignificant differences in the variables such as age, education level, and years of edentulous, (P > 0.05). As shown in Table (2) and Figure (1), the attachment loss (expressed in mm) in the first group and second group. It was clear from the table that there were significant increases in the attachment loss with time. It also showed that the increases in second group are significantly higher than first group. The table also showed the significant increase of attachment loss and teeth mobility in second group (non-vital abutment) higher than first group (with vital abutment teeth). Table (3) and Figure (1) showed the abutment teeth mobility and bone height (expressed in mm) in the first and second groups. It was clear from the table that there were also significant increases through the time in the abutment teeth mobility and bone height (expressed in mm). It also showed that the increases in second group are significantly higher than first group. Tables and Figures: Table1: Characteristics of group 1 and group 2 patients participated in the study. Variable Group 1 n1 (%) Group 2 n2 (%) P value Education level Illiterate 23 (76.7%) 26 (86.7%) 0.12 Primary 7 (23.3%) 4 (13.3%) Age of patients 59.34  ± 1.76 58.65  ± 2.64 0.65 Years of edentulous 28.12  ± 2.76 27.89  ± 1.67 0.50 Table 2: Comparing the means and standard deviations between the attachment loss for the first group of the vital abutment teeth and second group with non-vital abutment teeth at the different times Variable Group 1 Mean  ± SD Group 2 Mean  ± SD P value Time of evaluation 3 months 0.60 mm  ±0.11 0.97mm ±0.15 0.04* 6 months 0.75 mm  ±0.19* 1.23mm ±0.20* 0.02* 12 months 0.81 mm  ±0.51* 1.54mm ±0.49* 0.01* (*) Significant Table 3: Comparing the means and standard deviations of the tooth mobility between the first group of the vital abutment teeth and second group with non-vital abutment teeth at the different times Variable Group 1 Mean  ± SD Group 2 Mean  ± SD P value Time of evaluation 3 months 0.10 mm  ±0.13 0.16 ±0.15 0.01* 6 months 0.22 mm  ±0.25 0.28 ±0.29 0.01* 12 months 0.48 mm  ±0.51 0.53 ±0.49 0.04* (*) Significant Figure 1: Comparing the means of the attachment loss and tooth mobility between group 1 of the vital abutment teeth and group 2 with non-vital abutment teeth at different times Discussion: This study showed that the attachment loss in the first group with vital abutment is less than the attachment loss in the group with non-vital abutment. It was clear from the findings that there were significant increases in the attachment loss with time in the second group compared to the first group. A study conducted by Gulizio to compare the alveolar bone loss in the anterior segment area with conventional complete denture to overdenture along five years. It concluded that, there was a significant decrease in alveolar bone loss in case of overdenture as compared to conventional complete denture. They attributed this finding to the presence of carried out some studies that shed light on the resorption process that occurred in patients wearing overdentures on both arches (9). Krennmair, in one study on edentulous patients with facial esthetics and associated structures, found that horizontal loss of hard and soft tissue through resorption, disease, or trauma is so advanced that teeth need to be placed far anterior to the residual ridge in order to provide adequate facial support, then an overdenture (ie, acrylic base and flanges) can provide replacement of these structures (14). Moreover, Bryant tested the type of implant prosthesis effect and outcomes for the completely edentulo us patients, and found that no statistical significant differences in premaxillary bone loss. Alternatively, bone grafting procedures can be performed to augment the missing tissues, but limitations must be evaluated (15). Regarding the teeth mobility, this study showed that the abutment teeth mobility and bone height in the first with vital abutment is less than the second group. It was clear from the findings that there were also significant increases in the tooth mobility through the time in the abutment teeth mobility and bone height in the second group compared to first group. Grageda showed that a single implant mandibular overdenture has additional advantages of being less expensive and invasive and significantly increases the satisfaction and quality of life of patients with edentulism (16). The strengths of this study include comparing two different two methods of overdenture, and the long evaluation period (12 months). The study limitations were; the study was conducted among only thirty patients in Al-baha region; such studies will yield more useful results if conducted on more sample size with complete randomization all over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. From this study it was concluded that, the overdenture over vital abutment teeth was more stable and showed less teeth mobility and less attachment loss than that made over non-vital teeth.

Depression: A Problem in an Aggregate of Atoms? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Depression: A Problem in an Aggregate of Atoms? â€Å"The man who sees his neighbor only as an aggregate of atoms cannot have the same conception of his real self. He thus arrives necessarily at a fundamental contradiction.† - F. Husemann (1) Throughout history, depression was thought of simply as a flawed character condition. Fifty years ago, pharmaceutical treatments for depression did not exist. A major breakthrough occurred in 1974, when a study by scientists at Eli Lilly and Company concluded that a cause of depression is a chemical imbalance manifested by a malfunctioning serotogenic system (2). Many researchers and doctors asserted that â€Å"depression is not a moral weakness, nor mental sloth, but a true brain disease that can be successfully treated† (3).The treatment took the form of a series of drugs which are collectively known as antidepressants. Most of the literature on these drugs takes a one sided approach on what causes depression and how a â€Å"single action† molecule can treat it. At the same time, often the same article, asserts that depression is a â€Å"whole body† illness that affects a person’s physical and mental health, taking hostage of his/her whole existence (4). One molecule must have the ability to treat this condition, successfully alleviating all bad thoughts, curing the physical troubles that go along with it, and in effect, correcting the state of depression. But like with everything in life, it is just not that simple. Any inquiry into the depth of the nervous system has to begin with the understanding of its complexity. Many accounts of depression and the working of antidepressants, view human beings as â€Å"aggregation of atoms† and often fail to recognize the â€Å"real self,† which must at least encompass the complex and often incomprehensible interactions of those atoms. Pablo Picasso, one of the most famous artists, asserted that â€Å"every act of creation is first of all an act of destruction.† In the study of the nervous system, and how it is affected by various chemicals, the act of creation can be viewed as the uncovering of the truth. But this inquiry has to begin with the recognition of our lack of understanding, that is, we must destroy our prejudices of the certainty of our knowledge. In the following paper I will point out our current awareness of the state of depression and how and why antidepressants are thought to work. Also I will present some of the contradicting issues which arise from implications of what we know and what we do not know about the state of depression and the medium of its conduction - the nervous system.

Fried Green Tomatoes Human Nat :: essays research papers

Coping with situations within FRIED GREEN TOMATOES Human Nature, it’s our instinct, our reaction, our thoughts, and our ability to make decisions. It has been examined from every conceivable angle. It has been scrutinized, interrogated, glorified and even corrupted by every medium in the world, but none so extensively as the written word. Literature has explored every component of human nature from pride to envy and insecurity to depression. Fannie Flagg’s novel FRIED GREEN TOMATOES pays particular attention to human nature and specific ways we choose to cope with the situations that life places before us. Flagg explores humor, nostalgia, and avoidance as common examples of how, not only her characters, but humans in general confront the circumstances surrounding their lives. Humor is and integral part of human nature. It has the ability to lighten almost any situation and put people at ease. Humor is a common bond between any person on earth, from the very wealthy to the impoverished. Idgie Threadgoode is the perfect emb odiment of humor. Her wisecracks and tall tales helped her to face a number of less-than-comfortable situations throughout the novel. A prime example of her use of humor was with Smokey Lonesome. When Smokey first comes into the cafà © for a bite to eat, he is so nervous that he can’t stop shaking and he most certainly cannot eat. Idgie, seeing his discomfort, introduced herself and proceeded to tell Smokey a joke. “On November, a big flock of duck, oh, about forty or more, landed right smack in the middle of that lake, and while they were sitting there, that afternoon, a fluke thing happened. The temperature dropped so fast that the whole lake froze over, as solid as a rock, in a matter of three seconds. One, two, three, just like that…. They just flew off and took the lake with ‘em. That lake is somewhere in Georgia, to this very day…'; Idgie’s exaggerated use of humor allowed the wanderer to settle down and relax. Later, when her nephew Buddy jr. is run over by a train and loses his arm, Idgie once again uses her sense of humor to help him look at the situation from a lighter side. “When he was little and there was somebody new in the cafà ©, Idgie would bring him in and have him tell this long story about going fishing on the Warrior River, and he’d get them all caught up in the story and the Idgie would say, ‘How big was the catfish Stump?

Deformed Digital Evolution Essay -- Technology Technological Papers

Deformed Digital Evolution Modernist visual form has substantially influenced the digital world; however, the digital world of today has been more prominently influenced by the sequential technological growth and the ever-changing aesthetic tastes of our diverse society. These conditions can further be described as mankind’s drive for efficiency and the contrasting effects of people desiring to be different or to stand out. In this essay, an attempt is made to show how the accomplishments of the late Victorian era, regardless of how closely their lineages seem to be linked, are themselves simply steps in the timeline of progress and are really invalid to use as the true â€Å"producer† of the modern digital world. The time period in and around the beginning of the twentieth century, according to Manovich, was the greatest time of pioneering and cultivating new techniques. Looking retroactively on the 1920’s from the viewpoint of today we realize that the key artistic innovations of the 1920s were all done in relation to what was then the â€Å"new media†: photography, film, new architectural and new printing technologies At the time, these were truly new media and groundbreaking techniques; additional terminology had to be developed in order to efficiently use and refer to them. The â€Å"new media† and its divisions were all obviously visually oriented. Manovich continues his discussion with referrals to the techniques and artful achievement that followed in the wake of the â€Å"new media† mentioned above. These â€Å"key modern visual communication techniques†1 included â€Å"photo and film montage, collage, classical film language, surrealism, the use of sex appeal in advertisements, modern graphic design, and modern typography.†1 ... ...ld that be reasonable? Continuing on with the evolutional tracking of the computer, we can restate the fact that the keyboard was bred from the invention of the typewriter. The typewriter itself can even be traced back to its origin, the printing press. In the end, almost every link in the evolutionary ladder of today’s digital world can be expressed as an adaptation or modification of the forerunning products. Though it is with reasonably considerable measures that Manovich makes all of his connections of the digital world as it applied to constructivist times, it is truly beyond anyone’s ability to figure out what the construction of the modern digital world is the product of. Far too many people have had their say in its creation. How many of those involved felt as though they were copying the Soviet Constructivist techniques and applying them to today?

The Workforce

The workforce is contingent with the teamwork of personnel and state. The workforce remain the main concern of employers everywhere. All areas of employment are touched by economics and its affected by births, plus the quality of training each person receives. 100 years ago, jobs were manufacturing in nature, what I mean is that individuals worked in factories or on an assembly lines. These types of positions weren't very challenging because it's a situation that was repetitious as the worker repeat steps. Subsequently new technology happens to be more demanding, very aggressive and creative. Women are employed within position that once was considered â€Å"only men were productive in. Work shifts are divided into three shifts for several organizations. They're basically eight hours a shift and the employee usually work forty hours a week. Over the years the workforce has added four generation of workers. This has caused a distinctive effect on the workforce causing them to face the age differences. The HR knows that the workforce of the past consequencely will impact the future status of many organizations. They know that achieving their goal depends on how they hire workers. Also, the facts show that countless people are not retiring but are carrying on working well past the age of 65. HR specialists find that they're having to formulate additional resolutions to link the demands relating to the workforce with the aging workers. Which requires HR specialists to understand and be able to execute ways to create jobs and to fill them with acceptable workers. Meanwhile workers and jobs are always transforming so organizations realize that they have diversity and the skill to maintain a balanced workforce being competent to accomplish their goals for the future of the organization. Also, companies have moved to global level with improved technology and communication. Besides more women employees entered the workforce which was not the state 100 years ago where women lives tended to be centered around their families. During World War I changed who the workforce would use once the men were either volunteering or being drafted to serve in the military which resulted in there was no one to fill the positions. So businesses hired the women to work in the men's place. After showing the factories that the women were capable to carry out the duties that the men could do, but they were paid less for the same job. Since then women have demanded rights for equal pay and equal treatment. Because the workforce have become more diverse with gender, age, and culture it has caused organizations to change how they attain workers and maintain their numbers. The older workers are still present in the workforce is making HR to consider alternative ways for hiring, training, and what type of benefits plans to offer as enticements.Today HR managers needs to spend considerable time and money in training in new technology and keep them updated. The future US workforce groups in 2025 would be mostly aged population over 60 years. The workforce I filled with many kinds of technology such as computers, internet, smart phones and many mobile devices that has opened communication where everything seems to move at the speed of light. Therefore, HR will need to be on their toes to meet every task in the future.

The Rattler

Eva Wambura 8/29/12 Period 2 The Rattler Rough Draft In the passage â€Å"The Rattler† the writer uses details about the man, details about the snake, and details about the setting to lead the reader to feel sympathy for both the man and snake. The detail that shows sympathy for the man is when he’s out for a walk and he unexpectedly comes across the snake. The man’s first instinct was to â€Å"let him go on his way† and he would go on his. This shows that the man wasn’t really aggressive and really did not want to hurt the snake. The man then goes on to decide if he should kill the snake or not.But he â€Å"reflected that there were children, dogs, horses at ranch, as well as men and women† and his â€Å"duty, plainly, was to kill the snake. † His indecision leads you to have more sympathy for the man because he came on to his decision only because he thought it was his duty and if it wasn’t for that he would have let the snake go. Even after killing the snake the man didn’t â€Å"cut off the rattles for a trophy† and imagined seeing the snake â€Å"as he might have let him go, sinuous and self-respecting† showing that he felt guilty of taking the life of the snake.The details of the snake show more sympathy for it than for the man. When the man first comes upon the snake the â€Å"head wasn’t not drawn back to strike† and â€Å"was not even rattling yet, much less coiled. † This was a sign that the snake wasn’t going to attack the man but was merely watching to see what the man was going to do. When the man got his hoe to attack the snake with it â€Å"shot into a dense bush†. The snake’s action shows his nonviolent behavior by defending itself another way then just attacking the man. Then the snake â€Å"shook his fair but furious signal, quite sportingly†.It’s warning the man that if he continued further he has no choice but t o attack. But soon the man â€Å"hacked about, soon dragged him out of it with his back broken. † The details of the setting show sympathy for both the man and the snake. The man was just having his â€Å"first pleasant moment for a walk after long blazing hours† and thinking he was the â€Å"only thing abroad† encountered the snake and thinks that it’s endangering his people. In sympathy for the snake the man is the one who stepped into the snake’s habitat. The man not only trespassed but also ended up killing the snake in its own home.When the man and snake crossed paths the â€Å"light was thinning† and â€Å"the scrub’s dry savory odors were sweet on the cooler air†. The beauty of the setting makes you think that the snake was on its own walk through the desert. Even though man killed the snake for the good of others you can’t help but feel sympathy for both characters due to the details of the setting, the man, and the snake. The man doesn’t want to kill and doesn’t take satisfaction in taking life but goes on instead and kills the snake because of his duty even though the snake was minding its own business and wasn’t bothering anyone.

Madame du Barry: Louis XV’s Favorite Mistress

It has often been said that it is the mistress who truly wields the power on the throne. According to the BBC article The King's Mistress – A Royal Tradition (2005), â€Å"†¦ for centuries, kings across Europe have turned to mistresses for sex, advice and conversation† (BBC News, n. pag. ). In exchange for the sex and companionship that they provided to their respective paramours, these women were able to obtain â€Å"great personal wealth, security and a rare chance of political power† (BBC News, n. pag.). But in the case of Madame du Barry (1743-1793), a king's mistress can also bring about the end of his regime (BBC News, n. pag. ).Madame Jeanne Becu Comtesse du Barry was born as Marie-Jeanne Becu at Vaucouleurs, Lorraine on August 19, 1743 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). She was the illigitimate daughter of Anne Becu, who was said to have worked either as a seamstress or a cook in Paris (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Marie-Jeanne's biological father was believed to be Je an Baptiste Gormand de Vaubernier, a friar who went by the name of â€Å"Brother Angel† (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). However, it was Anne's lover, Monsieur Billard-Dumonceaux, who paid for her education at the convent of St. Aure (Wikipedia, n. pag. ).Marie-Jeanne left the convent at age 15 and moved to Paris, where she assumed the name Jeanne Rancon (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). She held various jobs during her stay in Paris, which included being an assistant to a young hairdresser named Lametz (with whom she was rumored to have a daughter), a companion to Madame de la Garde (known to be a lonely aristocrat) and a miliner's assistant in A La Toilette, an enterprise of a certain Monsieur Labille (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). In 1763, her beauty caught the eye of well-heeled pimp and casino owner Jean du Barry (Wikipedia, n. pag. ).He then proceeded to turn her into his mistress and groomed her career as a courtesan that catered only to the Parisian elite (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Marie-Jeanne becam e a courtesan for four years (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ), working under the alias of Mademoiselle Lange (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Although several of her wealthy customers eventually became her benefactors, Du Barry wanted to use her to control King Louis XV (1715-1774) (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Du Barry's ambition was realized when Marie-Jeanne and his brother, Comte Guillaume du Barry, were married in 1769 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ).Marie-Jeanne's marriage to a nobleman qualified her to become Louis XV's official royal mistress (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). On April 2, 1769, Madame du Barry was formally intoroduced to the family of the king and the French royal court (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). In sharp contrast to Madame de Pompadour (1721-1764), another of Louis XV's mistresses, Du Barry had minimal political clout over the king (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Her only participation in politcs was her membership in the faction that deposed Etienne Francois de Choiseul from his position as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1770 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ).Du Barry instead spent her time â€Å"having new gowns made and ordering jewelry of every shape, size and colour† (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). She also took the place of De Pompadour as Louis XV's favorite mistress (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ). However, Du Barry's genteel life in Versailles Palace was not without problems. She had a bitter feud with French Dauphine Marie Antoinette (1755-1793) primarily because of the latter's support of De Choiseul (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Marie Antoinette also refused to have anything to do with Du Barry due to her disgust with the latter's personal background (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ).Furthermore, Louis XV requested prior to his demise in May 1774 that Du Barry be banished to the Abbey of Pont aux-Dames, where her letters and visits were strictly monitored (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ). Historians believed that the king's relationship with Du Barry might have hindered him from receiving an absolution before his death; hence, his decision to send her away (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Du Barry lived in the convent for two years, before moving to the Chateau de Louveciennes (Wikipedia, n. pag. ) in 1776 (Marie Antoinette, n. pag. ).Although Du Barry was noted for her â€Å"her good nature and support of artists† (Wikipedia, n. pag. ), the French people despised her due to the lavish lifestyle that the king subjected her to (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). By the late 1780s, France was in the midst of a severe fiscal crisis (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Its economy suffered due to the monarchy's tedious and archaic bookkeeping system (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Furthermore, the country also did not have a national bank (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Even if the majority of France's nobility and clergy were extremely well-off, they were taxed considerably less than the poor peasants (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ).The royalty likewise had to take on crippling debts just to finance the very expensive wars it got itself in to – the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748), the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) and the American Revolution (1775-1783) (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). While the country's upper classes wallowed in wealth and the monarchy engaged in one expensive hostility after another, ordinary French citizens starved due to skyrocketing prices of bread (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ).The increasing animosity between France's nobility and bourgeoisie resulted in the French Revolution (1789-1799) (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Under the Revolution, â€Å"France was temporarily transformed from an absolute monarchy, where the king monopolized power, to a republic of theoretically free and equal citizens† (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Simply put, the French Revolution served as the retribution for all the injustices that the French royalty inflicted upon its people. At the height of the Revolution, revolutionaries guillotined nobles, their allies and anyone who opposed the uprising (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ). Du Barry went to England several times in 1792 to supposedly recover stolen jewelry (MSN Encarta, n. pag. ).As a result, she was accused of secretly providing financial assistance to the England-based opponents of the new French republic (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). The Revolutionary Tribunal of Paris apprehended Du Barry on treason charges in 1793 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Following a premeditated trial, she was finally guillotined at the Place de la Concorde on December 8, 1793 (Wikipedia, n. pag. ). Mistresses like Madame du Barry lived lives of wealth, comfort and power. But their affluence and prominence did not come without a tragic price, as they attained these at the expense of so many impoverished citizens.The hedonistic existence of these women sickened their countrymen to the point that they finally rose up and demanded change for their resepctive countries and governments. It would be fair to say that mistresses can serve as the ultimate warning to any leader who will use his po sition to enrich himself and his associates. The people may tolerate corruption for a remarkably long time. But once they take power into their own hands, there is no government on earth that they cannot overthrow. Works Cited â€Å"French Revolution. † 2007. MSN Encarta.22 April 2008 . â€Å"Madame du Barry. † 2008. Marie Antoinette. 22 April 2008 . â€Å"Madame du Barry. † 9 April 2008. Wikipedia. 22 April 2008 . â€Å"Marie Jeanne Becu du Barry. † 2007. MSN Encarta. 22 April 2008 . â€Å"The King's Mistress – A Royal Tradition. † 27 April 2005. BBC News. 22 April 2008 .

A day in the life of a bike warehouse worker Essay

It was six o’clock and for the first time in about two years I woke up before my alarm went off. My curtains were not pulled right together so a stream of light was shining on my face. I sat up in bed and looked on my calendar to see what day it was; it was Monday, the first day of my work experience. I got myself out of bed and headed for the shower. The house was so still, every little sound I made seemed to be ten times loader than what it actually was. Like every other morning I had a wash and got changed then crept down stairs to the kitchen. I took a quick glance at the big clock on the wall but the batteries which were destined to run out had finally run flat. I had to find my phone, which I’m constantly forgetting where I put, to know the time. I had put it by the cookery books so that I would see it and not panic like every other morning. It was six forty-five which left me fifteen minutes to grab some breakfast before leaving to do my normal everyday paper round. I took a look in the cupboard to find there was nothing worth having, probably a shopping day knowing my luck. I skipped breakfast and jumped on my bike and headed for the local paper shop. I knew that I had to be at the bike shop for my work experience at about nine o’clock so I figured that I had to hurry up on doing my paper round. When I got the the shop, the shop owner, Paul, was waiting at the door with some bad news. The shop has two paper rounds one which I do and another which my friend David did. He gave me the good news that David had quit with no warning. Usually I would be excited about this because if I did both the paper rounds I would be paid double but the only downfall was I wasn’t sure if I had enough time to do both the paper rounds. Anyway I put all the papers in the bag and did the most strenuous exercise I had done in a long time. It paid off though as that morning I witnessed the most beautiful sun rise. I finally got home, tired out and surprisingly quite cold. Looking at the clock on my mobile phone I had realised that I had been out delivering papers for one and a half hours, allowing me just thirty minutes to get ready and get the the other side of town. I quickly got changed into some suitable clothes and then made my way towards the town. On the way to the town I kept asking myself questions, what will I have to do? Will I be able to do the things which tom did last week? I wonder what the staff will be like? I managed to get myself really nervous about the whole idea of working with people I don’t know and if I was really up for the job. I arrived at the shop ten minutes early so that I could introduce myself and get to know the staff a little bit. The main person in charge, Luke, set me off to do my first task which he said was the most important task off all. I was expecting to hear something to do with the bikes but instead he said â€Å"I don’t suppose you can run up to Aldays and grab use a pint of semi skimmed milk†. It was when he told me to get the milk when I realised they were going to take advantage of me and make me do all the things which they didn’t want to. Anyway, I was there to experience work and if that’s what higher ranked staff do, and then that’s what I was there to experience. When I came back to the shop with the milk Luke told me to follow him to the kitchen. The kitchen was a small, dirty and smelly room which was mainly used to store bike parts. The only thing that made it a kitchen was the fact that it had a small, filthy sink, a kettle and a bag of tea bags which my best mate Tom had brought in the previous week. In the kitchen were a number of large boxes which contained bikes. Luke pulled one into the middle of the room and asked me to build it in the kitchen whilst he went back to the till to repair some other bikes. This was the part I was dreading most of all, I had never built a bike from flat pack before and there I was expected to know how it all goes together. I opened the box and took a peep inside. The only way of describing what the bike looked like then was simply a box of bits. I took out everything and placed them in an orderly fashion across the floor. I was expecting to find a small booklet or leaflet with instructions on how to build the bike but there wasn’t any. I didn’t want the staff to know that I came to the bike shop not knowing how to build a bike so I decided to have a go at making it how I thought it went. The first main problem I came across was the packaging. Everything was really well packaged and taped up and all I had to remove it with was a small pair of very blunt scissors. I took a look at the parts in front of me and got cracking with making the bike. Most of the building was pure common sense but there were a few occasions where I had to take apart previous parts so that I could correct myself in places. Once I had finished making the bike I had to adjust the brakes and make sure that everything was in good order. There were lots of bare cable ends which I had to cover but unfortunately I caught the end of my finger on one of the thin cable ends leaving me in agony. I stood up, took a step back and looked at what I had done. I had made my first ever bike from scratch and I must admit, I thought I had done a very good job of it. I went out to find one of the staff members so that they could see if I had done everything ok. A young worker there called Steve came into the kitchen to check over the bike. I was biting my nails and gritting my teeth, hoping that I had done the job correctly. He was being very precise looking at every adjustment and checking that every screw was tight. He stopped what he was doing, leant the bike against the wall and said â€Å"Well done, you can carry on with the rest of the bikes in the store room†. I was so over the moon. I had taught myself a new skill which in the future could help me out. Now that my confidence was a lot better, I found I could make the bikes a lot quicker. I made a further three bikes each a bit different before Luke came into the room and told me that I deserved a lunch break. I took advantage of my break by jogging home and getting myself some lunch. When I came back to the shop I wanted to get straight back into it but there were other jobs that needed to be done. During my break a small lorry fully of ready and unready made bikes had arrived at the shop. With help from John, another employee of the shop, I removed all the bikes and boxes from the lorry to one of two cellars. Once the bikes were all down in the cellar I had the job of sorting them all out into different groups. I didn’t really enjoy this much as the cellar was a dark, gloomy room with a not to pleasant smell in the air. I was happy to get out of there once I had finished sorting the bikes out. There was enough time to make a couple more bikes so I was sent back to the kitchen with my tools to make some more bikes from the store room. The radio wasn’t too good as the aerial had broken off, so I found myself a tape which I could work to. The time really flew as my mind was in working mode. At three o’clock Luke came back into the kitchen and checked all the bikes I had done. He was very impressed with what I had done and told me that I could go home. The room looked like a bomb had been set off in it so I cleared away all the tools I was using, put all the bikes I had built into stock and washed up the cups. I was now ready to go home. On the way out Luke said thank you for the work and said that he would discount me if I needed to buy any thing for my bike. I said good bye and went home. On the way home I thought about how my day had been. I realised that although I didn’t originally want to work at the bike shop, it wasn’t as bad as what I was expecting. In life you’re not always going to get the jobs you want so I decided that for the rest of the week I was going to make the most of the experience.